Imej dari ugrasu.ru (Image
from ugrasu.ru – think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)
MADAyuMadyan - Ujian
Makmal dalam pejalanan untuk menentukan sama ada sarin telah digunakan serangan kimia di Syria. Analisis dijalankan untuk menentukan sama ada sarin telah
digunakan dalam serangan kimia Syria bulan lepas. Ujian makmal, yang akan
mengambil masa kira-kira 2 minggu, sedang dalam pejalanan dengan sokongan PBB.
Analisis mematuhi piawaian saintifik, FM Rusia menyatakan.
“Sebagaimana
Lakhdar Brahimi berkata, terdapat piawaian saintifik pakar dipandu oleh [UN],”
kata Menteri Luar Rusia Sergey Lavrov kepada wartawan hari Jumaat selepas
sarapan bekerja dengan utusan PBB-Liga Arab bagi Syria.
Ahli
kimia daripada Pertubuhan bagi Larangan Senjata Kimia menggunakan sampel yang
diambil dari tapak serangan kimia diadakan di luar ibu negara Syria Damsyik
pada 21 Ogos.
Pada
sidang kemuncak G20 di St Petersburg, pemimpin Britain, Perancis, dan Amerika
Syarikat cuba untuk memberi tekanan kepada Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin
mengenai kedudukan Moscow yang menyerang.
Sekutu
NATO telah menghasilkan bukti mereka sendiri bahawa ejen maut digunakan di
Syria adalah gas saraf sarin. Perdana Menteri Britain, David Cameron telah
menyatakan bahawa sampel pakaian dan tanah yang diambil dari Syria diuji
positif bagi gas sarin. Kesimpulan UK adalah berdasarkan keputusan yang
diperolehi oleh ahli-ahli sains di Porton Down di Wiltshire, England.
“Kami
yakin dan tetap yakin bahawa Assad telah bertanggungjawab,” kata Cameron pada
hari Khamis. Perisikan British telah membuat kesimpulan bahawa pasukan
pemberontak tidak mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengadakan serangan kimia.
Setiausaha
Negara Amerika Syarikat John Kerry kepada media Amerika Syarikat Ahad lalu
bahawa sampel yang dikumpul oleh responden pertama selepas serangan kimia di
pinggir bandar Damsyik yang diuji positif bagi ejen saraf sarin. Kerry membuat 9
penampilan TV dalam usaha untuk mendapatkan sokongan orang ramai untuk campur
tangan ketenteraan di Syria.
Lab tests Underway to Determine if Sarin was
used
in Syria Chemical Attack . . .
An
analysis is underway to determine if sarin was used in Syria's chemical attack
last month. The lab tests, which will take about two weeks, are being conducted
with UN support. The analysis complies with scientific standards, Russia’s FM
stated.
“As
Lakhdar Brahimi said, there are scientific standards the [UN] experts are
guided by,” Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov told journalists Friday
after a working breakfast with the UN-Arab League envoy for Syria.
Chemists
from the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons are using samples
taken from the site of the chemical attack staged outside the Syrian capital of
Damascus on August 21.
At the
G20 summit in St. Petersburg, leaders of Britain, France, and the US attempted
to pressure Russian President Vladimir Putin regarding Moscow’s position on the
attack.
NATO
allies have produced evidence of their own that the lethal agent used in Syria
was sarin nerve gas. British Prime Minister David Cameron has stated that
clothing and soil samples taken from Syria tested positive for sarin gas. The
UK conclusion is based on results obtained by scientists at Porton Down in
Wiltshire, England.
“We were
confident and remain confident that Assad was responsible,” Cameron said on
Thursday. British intelligence has concluded that rebel forces have no capacity
to stage a chemical attack.
US
Secretary of State John Kerry told US media last Sunday that samples collected
by first responders after the chemical attack in the Damascus suburb tested
positive for the sarin nerve agent. Kerry made nine TV appearances in an
attempt to gain public support for military intervention in Syria.
Imej kekal
diambil dari video amatur dari laman web media sosial pada 30 Ogos 2013 yang
kononnya menunjukkan seorang lelaki cedera berehat selepas serangan yang
mengikut video itu berlaku pada 26 Ogos 2013 (This still image taken from an
amateur video off a social media website on August 30, 2013 purportedly shows a
wounded man recuperating after an attack that according to the video took place
on August 26, 2013 (Reuters/Reuters TV – think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)
Sabtu
lalu, Presiden Amerika Syarikat, Barack Obama mengumumkan bahawa beliau akan
mendapatkan kelulusan Kongres untuk menggunakan kekerasan terhadap kerajaan
Syria.
Amerika
Syarikat bertujuan kelulusan untuk menyerang tentera mungkin terhadap Syria,
Rusia berpendapat bahawa ia adalah pembangkang - bukan kerajaan Assad - yang melancarkan
serangan 21 Ogos.
Pada
sidang akhbar selepas sidang kemuncak G20, Putin memberitahu wartawan bahawa
serangan kimia yang dikatakan di Syria adalah “provokasi dilakukan oleh militan
pemberontak mengharapkan untuk mendapatkan sokongan asing.”
“Kami
percaya bahawa sekurang-kurangnya kita perlu menunggu keputusan pemeriksaan
suruhanjaya PBB di Syria,” kata Putin dalam satu temu bual dengan AP dan
Saluran 1 TV Rusia awal minggu ini.
Mendapatkan
hasil dari ujian makmal akan mengambil masa sehingga 2 minggu, kerana kerumitan
sampel menyelesaikan sesuatu. Untuk menentukan ejen telah digunakan dalam
serangan itu , ahli kimia mesti menghidupkan kotoran pepejal dan tisu ke dalam
cecair dan kemudian ke dalam gas. Untuk berbuat demikian, mereka membubarkan
sampel dalam pelarut seperti metanol, sebelum menganalisis komposisi dengan
bantuan alat kromatografi gas.
Tandatangan
kimia Sarin adalah dikelaskan dalam kod digital 99-125-81. Jika ejen saraf
sarin hadir dalam sampel, gas kromatografi akan menunjukkan dengan tepat kod
ini, kata Carlos Fraga, seorang ahli kimia yang pakar dalam bidang forensik
ejen saraf di Pacific Northwest National Laboratory di Richland, Washington. “Anda
sentiasa akan melihat,” katanya.
Tetapi
satu ujian adalah jauh daripada mencukupi. Ahli Kimia akan menjalankan 20 ujian
tambahan bagi setiap sampel yang datang kembali dengan kod 99-125-81. Antaranya
ia yang akan cair ujian kromatografi - spektrometri jisim, ujian kromatografi
spektrometri jisim gas, spektroskopi inframerah, dan ujian spektroskopi resolusi
tinggi. Setiap ujian akan mengambil kira-kira 2 minggu.
Blok gas
Sarin isyarat saraf manusia, menyebabkan beberapa masalah kesihatan tertentu
seperti masalah pernafasan, kabur penglihatan, sawan, dan lumpuh, bersama-sama
dengan cirit-birit, muntah-muntah, dan sakit kepala.
Pakar
juga mesti menentukan dengan tepat yang didahului tanda-tanda kematian mangsa
serangan kimia.
Agen
saraf lain seperti Soman dan menyebabkan kematian VX dengan cara yang sama,
jadi ahli kimia perlu mengesahkan “tandatangan kimia” senjata untuk menentukan
bagaimana ejen itu dihasilkan. Maklumat tersebut dijangka memberi petunjuk
kepada siapa melancarkan serangan maut pada 21 Ogos - pembangkang atau kerajaan
Syria.
Semua
ujian yang akan dilakukan di beberapa makmal untuk mengelakkan kesilapan yang
mungkin daripada analisis kimia.
Last
Saturday, US President Barack Obama announced that he will seek approval in
Congress for the use of force against the Syrian government.
As the
US seeks approval for a possible military strike against Syria, Russia argues
that it was the opposition – not Assad’s government – that launched the August
21 attack.
At a
press conference after the G20 summit, Putin told journalists that the alleged
chemical attack in Syria was a “provocation staged by the rebel militants
expecting to get foreign support.”
“We
believe that at the very least we should wait for the results of the UN
inspection commission in Syria,” Putin said in an interview to AP and Russia’s
Channel 1 TV earlier this week.
Obtaining
the results from the lab tests will take up to a fortnight, due to the
complexity of sample probing. To determine which agent was used in the attack,
chemists must turn solid dirt and tissue into liquid and then into gas. To do
that, they dissolve the samples in a solvent, such as methanol, before
analyzing its composition with the help of the gas chromatograph.
Sarin’s
chemical signature is classified in digital code as 99-125-81. If the sarin
nerve agent is present in the samples, the chromatograph gas will show exactly
this code, said Carlos Fraga, a chemist who specializes in nerve agent
forensics at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington.
"You're always going to see that," he said.
But one
test is far from being enough. Chemists will conduct 20 additional tests for
every sample that comes back with a 99-125-81 code. Among those will be liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry tests, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
tests, infrared spectroscopy, and high resolution spectroscopy tests. Each test
will take around two weeks.
Sarin
gas blocks human nerve signals, causing a number of specific health disorders
like respiratory distress, blurred vision, convulsions, and paralysis, along
with diarrhea, vomiting, and headaches.
Experts
must also determine exactly which symptoms preceded the deaths of the victims
of the chemical attack.
Other
nerve agents such as soman and VX cause death in a similar way, so chemists
must verify the “chemical signature” of the weapon in order to determine how
the agent was produced. Such information is expected to give clues as to who
launched the deadly attack on August 21 – the opposition or the Syrian
government.
All of the tests will be
performed in several laboratories to prevent possible inaccuracies of the
chemical analyses.