Friday, 25 October 2013

Mengintip Umat ISLAM di New York: Gabungan besar Memerlukan Penyiasatan Persekutuan . . .

AFP Photo/Emmanuel Dunand (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

MADAyuMadyan - Lebih 100 pertubuhan termasuk Kesatuan Kebebasan Sivil Amerika dan berpuluh-puluh pelbagai kumpulan agama dan masyarakat yang memanggil di New York Jabatan Polis untuk menghentikan mengintip penduduk Islam di kawasan ini.

ACLU mengetuai kempen untuk membendung luas New York City program pengawasan selepas beberapa siri artikel Pulitzer memenangi Hadiah yang ditulis oleh wartawan penyiasatan di Associated Press dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini terdedah bukti bahawa polis NYC mentadbir beberapa inisiatif diarahkan tepat ke atas umat Islam.

Sepanjang penyiasatan , AP menemui bukti bahawa pegawai-pegawai NYPD telah rutin dipantau umat Islam di seluruh rantau ini, sering semata-mata berdasarkan tempat tertentu ibadat mereka atau di mana mereka menjalankan perniagaan.

NYPD telah mempertahankan program pengawasan sebelumnya rahsia dan memanggil ia satu instrumen counterterrorism penting, tetapi 125 kumpulan kini mendakwa sebaliknya dalam surat kepada Jabatan Kehakiman.

“Pengawasan ini adalah berdasarkan premis yang salah dan tidak berperlembagaan, dicerminkan dalam menerbitkan teori ‘radikal’ NYPD, bahawa kepercayaan agama Islam, amalan dan penglibatan masyarakat adalah alasan bagi penelitian penguatkuasaan undang-undang,” surat itu membuktikan. “Ini adalah premis berakar umbi dalam kejahilan dan berat sebelah: ia adalah salah dan tidak adil ‘Stigmatizes’ Islam, yang merupakan sebahagian mematuhi undang-undang, pelbagai dan penting dalam negara kita dan New York City.”

Spying on Muslims in New York: Huge coalition calls 
for federal investigation . . .

Over one hundred organizations including the American Civil Liberties Union and dozens of diverse religious and community groups are calling on the New York Police Department to stop spying on the area’s Muslim population.

The ACLU is leading the campaign to curb the expansive New York City surveillance program after a series of Pulitzer Prize-winning articles penned by investigative reporters at the Associated Press have in recent years exposed evidence that NYC police administer a number of initiatives directed squarely on Muslims.

Throughout the course of its investigation, the AP found evidence that NYPD officers have routinely monitored Muslims across the region, often solely based on their particular place of worship or where they do business.

The NYPD has defended the previously top-secret surveillance program and calls it an imperative counterterrorism instrument, but 125 groups now argue otherwise in a letter to the Department of Justice.

“This surveillance is based on the false and unconstitutional premise, reflected in the NYPD’s published ‘radicalization’ theory, that Muslim religious belief, practices and community engagement are grounds for law enforcement scrutiny,” the letter attests. “That is a premise rooted in ignorance and bias: it is wrong and unfairly stigmatizes Muslims, who are a law-abiding, diverse and integral part of our nation and New York City.”



“Tidak mengejutkan, program pengawasan NYPD ini telah meluas, kesan amat negatif ke atas hak-hak perlembagaan orang Islam ‘oleh menyejukkan ucapan dan amalan agama dan merosakkan matlamat agama dan misi,” kata ‘Signees’ tuntutan. “Ia genting fabrik sosial masyarakat Islam oleh kebimbangan pembiakan, tidak percaya, dan ketakutan. Amalan kepolisan berat sebelah NYPD yang menyakiti bukan sahaja Muslim, tetapi semua masyarakat yang berhak mengharapkan bahawa penguatkuasaan undang-undang akan berkhidmat dan melindungi penduduk Amerika yang pelbagai sama, tanpa diskriminasi.”

Mereka antara senarai signees - jadual termasuk nama-nama yang terdiri daripada organisasi seperti kulit hitam Penguatkuasaan undang-undang Amerika dan Rang Undang-Undang Hak Jawatankuasa Pertahanan untuk orang-orang Yahudi untuk Keadilan perkauman Ekonomi dan NAACP - menggesa bahagian hak-hak sivil DoJ untuk segera siasatan “program perlembagaan pemprofilan agama dan pengawasan suspicionless umat Islam.” agensi

Memetik bukti daripada laporan AP, surat itu menegaskan bahawa amalan pengawasan diskriminasi NYPD telah dibenarkan untuk “nama-nama ribuan orang Islam yang tidak bersalah di New York, New Jersey, Connecticut dan Pennsylvania telah diletakkan dalam fail polis rahsia, bukti yang hadir bahawa mereka terlibat dalam aktiviti jenayah.”

“Di bawah Kawalan Jenayah Keganasan dan Akta Penguatkuasaan Undang-undang tahun 1994,” surat itu mendakwa, “Peguam Negara Amerika Syarikat diberi kuasa untuk menjalankan siasatan mengenai ‘corak atau amalan tingkah laku oleh pegawai-pegawai penguatkuasa undang-undang . . . yang menafikan hak orang yang, keistimewaan atau kekebalan dijamin atau dilindungi oleh Perlembagaan atau undang-undang di Amerika Syarikat.”

Menurut signees, siasatan AP dan keterangan lain mengenai program NYPD yang mewajarkan penyiasatan persekutuan.

Sebagai RT dilaporkan sebelum ini, dokumen-dokumen yang bocor dan temu bual saksi yang diterima oleh wartawan AP telah melancarkan satu operasi rumit diterajui oleh apa yang dipanggil Unit Demografi NYPD itu, sebuah kumpulan dalaman agensi yang mempunyai kaitan dengan Agensi Perisikan Pusat yang telah meletakkan berpakaian biasa polis di masjid, Islam pusat-pusat perniagaan dan majoriti Islam yang lain dan kawasan di seluruh New York City rantau untuk peringkat umur.

“Sebagai DUNIA menjadi banyak yang berbahaya, rakyat bersedia untuk mempunyai pelanggaran atas kebebasan peribadi mereka bahawa mereka tidak akan sebelum ini,” Datuk Bandar New York Michael Bloomberg memberitahu AP di tengah-tengah siasatan mereka. “Kita hidup dalam DUNIA yang berbahaya, dan kita perlu menjadi sangat proaktif dalam memastikan bahawa kita menghalang keganasan,” katanya.

ACLU dan lain-lain telah memfailkan saman (suit) terhadap NYPD, tetapi surat minggu ini menggesa atas unit penguatkuasaan undang-undang negara - Jabatan Keadilan - untuk meletakkan tindakan pegawai Big Apple bawah persekutuan mikroskop.

Menurut surat itu, “dokumen-dokumen NYPD sendiri menunjukkan bahawa Jabatan telah terlibat dalam corak dan amalan pengawasan diskriminasi yang melanggar Fasal Pindaan Ke-14 yang sama Perlindungan dan hak Pindaan Pertama untuk menjalankan bebas daripada agama dan jaminan berkecuali terhadap semua agama.”

Pada bahagian bandar ini, peguam yang mewakili New York di ACLU saman sebelum ini yang difailkan mendakwa (allege) bahawa penguatkuasaan undang-undang tidak menyasarkan masjid-masjid dan tempat peristiwa lain “semata-mata kerana yang hadir adalah Muslim,” tetapi kerana “NYPD diikuti petunjuk menunjukkan bahawa individu-individu tertentu dalam beberapa masjid-masjid yang melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti jenayah dan pengganas mungkin.”

“Unsurprisingly, the NYPD’s surveillance program has had far-reaching, deeply negative effects on Muslims’ constitutional rights by chilling speech and religious practice and harming religious goals and missions,” the signees claim. “It has frayed the social fabric of Muslim communities by breeding anxiety, distrust, and fear. The NYPD’s biased policing practices hurt not only Muslims, but all communities who rightfully expect that law enforcement will serve and protect America’s diverse population equally, without discrimination.”

Those among the list of signees - a roster including names that range from organization such as Blacks in law Enforcement of America and the Bill of Rights Defense Committee to Jews for Racial & Economic Justice and the NAACP - urge the civil rights division of the DoJ to promptly investigation the agency’s “unconstitutional program of religious profiling and suspicionless surveillance of Muslims.”

Citing evidence from the AP’s report, the letter insists that the NYPD’s discriminatory surveillance practices have allowed for “the names of thousands of innocent Muslims in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania have been placed in secret police files, absent evidence that they engaged in criminal activity.”

“Under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994,” the letter claims, “the United States Attorney General is authorized to conduct investigations concerning ‘a pattern or practice of conduct by law enforcement officers . . . that deprives persons of rights, privileges or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States.’”

According to the signees, the AP’s investigation and other evidence of the NYPD’s programs warrant a federal investigation.

As RT reported previously, leaked documents and witness interviews received by AP journalists have unveiled an elaborate operation spearheaded by the NYPD’s so-called Demographics Unit, an inner-agency group with ties to the Central Intelligence Agency that has put plainclothes cops in mosques, Islamic centers and other Muslim-majority businesses and locales throughout the New York City region for ages.

"As the world gets more dangerous, people are willing to have infringements on their personal freedoms that they would not before,” New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg told the AP in the midst of their investigation. “We live in a dangerous world, and we have to be very proactive in making sure that we prevent terrorism,"he said.

The ACLU and others have already filed suit against the NYPD, but this week’s letter urges the nation’s top law enforcement unit - the Justice Department - to put the Big Apple officer’s actions under a federal microscope.

According to the letter, “the NYPD’s own documents show that the Department has engaged in a pattern and practice of discriminatory surveillance in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause and the First Amendment’s right to the free exercise of religion and guarantee of neutrality toward all religions.”

On the city’s part, attorneys representing New York in the previously-filed ACLU suit allege that law enforcement did not target mosques and other locales “simply because the attendees were Muslim,” but rather because “the NYPD followed leads suggesting that certain individuals in certain mosques may be engaging in criminal and possibly terrorist activity.”


Made in China? Amerika Syarikat memberi AMARAN kpd Turki perjanjian peluru berpandu dengan Beijing mungkin tidak serasi dengan NATO . . .

FD-2000/HQ-9 SAM sistem China  (China's FD-2000/HQ-9 SAM system (Image from http://chinesemilitaryreview.blogspot.com – think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

MADAyuMadyan - Washington bercakap dengan Ankara lebih banyak Turki Cina $ 3.4 bilion di mana kedua-dua negara bersetuju untuk bekerjasama menghasilkan udara jarak jauh dan sistem pertahanan peluru berpandu. Amerika Syarikat mendakwa hasilnya mungkin tidak serasi dengan rangkaian pertahanan NATO yang sedia ada.

Dalam satu langkah yang mengejutkan untuk sekutu NATO yang, Turki mengumumkan pada bulan September ia akan menganugerahkan kontrak pertahanan peluru berpandu baru ke China Precision Jentera Import dan Eksport Corp (CPMIEC).

Firma pertahanan Cina, yang telah dipersetujui oleh Amerika Syarikat untuk pelanggaran dakwaan Iran, Korea Utara dan Syria Akta ‘Non-proliferation’, telah dipilih untuk bekerjasama menghasilkan sistem FD-2000 dengan pakar Turki. CPMIEC mendakwa sistem bukan sahaja berdegup dalam harga, tetapi juga datang dengan kualiti pesaing-pesaingnya - Rusia S-300, Perancis-Itali Eurosam SAMP/T, dan Patriots Amerika.

Sekarang Amerika Syarikat telah mula “perbincangan pakar” dengan Turki mengenai tender pertahanan, menurut Duta Besar Amerika Syarikat Francis Ricciardone yang dipetik oleh Reuters.

“Kami amat bimbang tentang berurusan dengan bakal firma Cina dibenarkan. Ya ini adalah satu keputusan komersial, ia adalah hak kerajaan Turki, tetapi kita bimbang tentang apa yang dimaksudkan untuk bersekutu pertahanan udara,” Ricciardone kepada pemberita pada hari Khamis.

Made in China? US warns Turkey its missile deal with Beijing may be incompatible with NATO . . .

Washington is talking to Ankara over a $3.4 billion Turkish-Chinese deal, in which the two countries agreed to co-produce a long-range air and missile defense system. The US claims the outcome may not be compatible with the existing NATO defense network.

In a surprise move for its NATO allies, Turkey announced in September it was going to award a new missile defense contract to China Precision Machinery Import and Export Corp (CPMIEC).

The Chinese defense firm, which has been sanctioned by the US for alleged violations of the Iran, North Korea and Syria Non-proliferation Act, has been chosen to co-produce the FD-2000 system with Turkish specialists. CPMIEC claims the system not only beats in price, but also comes up to the quality of its rivals – the Russian S-300, the French-Italian Eurosam SAMP/T, and the American Patriots.

Now the US has started “expert discussions” with Turkey regarding the defense tender, according to US Ambassador Francis Ricciardone quoted by Reuters.

“We are very concerned about the prospective deal with the sanctioned Chinese firm. Yes this is a commercial decision, it is Turkey’s sovereign right, but we are concerned about what it means for allied air defense,” Ricciardone told reporters on Thursday.

Imej dari (Image from http://chinesemilitaryreview.blogspot.com – think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

Beliau menambah bahawa Turki adalah berhak kepada “keputusan sendiri selepas meneliti fakta-fakta.” Sebelum ini, Turki memberi isyarat bahawa keputusan itu bukan akhir, dan bahawa ia boleh kembali segera jika kebimbangan sekutunya’ terbukti benar.

Setakat ini, pegawai-pegawai NATO dipetik oleh Reuters berkata ia adalah “pra-matang” untuk mengatakan sama ada teknologi yang dibeli akan mempunyai masalah yang beroperasi dalam NATO Bersepadu Udara dan Sistem Pertahanan Peluru Berpandu.

Walau bagaimanapun, sekutu Ankara telah menyatakan kekecewaan mereka dengan langkah itu, yang datang bulan selepas NATO dikerahkan beberapa bateri Patriot di Turki untuk “melindungi”itu terhadap serangan mungkin dari wilayah Syria.

Tetapi menurut pakar-pakar, Turki mempunyai alasan untuk memilih perjanjian Cina, dan mereka tidak ada kena mengena dengan harga sistem.

Tawaran China memindahkan teknologi reka bentuk untuk Turki adalah faktor penentu dalam keputusan , yang Atilla Sandikli, pengerusi Bilgesam pemikir dan seorang pegawai peringkat tinggi bekas tentera Turki, memberitahu Reuters.

“Satu-satunya sebab mengapa Turki tidak mempunyai mereka [sistem pertahanan udara] sehingga kini adalah kerana mereka mahu mencapai maklumat teknologi dan pengetahuan untuk menghasilkan sistem ini,” kata Sandikli. “Saya rasa pilihan Turki adalah satu mesej kepada sekutu NATO dalam hal ini.”

He added that Turkey is entitled to “its own decision after examining the facts.” Earlier, Turkey signaled that the decision was not final, and that it could back away if its allies’ concerns proved to be true.

So far, NATO officials quoted by Reuters said it was “premature” to say whether the purchased technologies will have problems operating within the NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System.

However, Ankara’s allies have already expressed their disappointment with the move, which comes months after NATO deployed several Patriot batteries in Turkey to “safeguard” it against possible strikes from Syrian territory.

But according to experts, Turkey had its reasons to prefer the Chinese deal, and they had nothing to do with the price of the systems.

China’s offer of transferring the design technology to Turkey was a decisive factor in its decision, Atilla Sandikli, the chairman of think-tank Bilgesam and a former high-level officer in the Turkish army, told Reuters.

“The only reason why Turkey didn’t have them [the air defense systems] until now is because they wanted to achieve the technological information and know-how to produce these systems,” Sandikli said. “I think Turkey’s choice is a message to its NATO allies in this sense.”

 

Laporan media berkata banyak ditangguhkan, 2009-mengumumkan tender pertahanan Turki telah telah mengheret sehingga baru-baru ini kerana Ankara keberatan untuk membeli sistem peluru berpandu dari rak, dan mahu maklumat reka bentuk yang dimasukkan untuk menghasilkan bateri yang ditanam.

Sebagai undang-undang eksport Amerika Syarikat tidak akan membenarkan pemindahan teknologi, tentera gergasi Amerika Raytheon dan Lockheed dilaporkan enggan memasuki apa-apa perjanjian.

Orang Cina, di sisi lain, telah lebih daripada bersedia untuk memberikan maklumat reka bentuk kepada rakan-rakan jualan, dan, menurut Nihat Ali Ozcan, penganalisis di Ankara berasaskan pemikir TEPAV, China dan Turki sudah mula bekerjasama pada jarak dekat sistem pertahanan peluru berpandu.

China sendiri telah menarik di Rusia tahu-bagaimana dan, sebahagiannya, teknologi Barat apabila mereka bentuk sistem sendiri, pakar tentera Rusia telah berkata.

Pengeluar tentera Cina telah dikenali untuk teknologi pertahanan pengklonan, yang membawa kepada pengeluar terkenal seperti Rusia Sukhoi meminta jaminan undang-undang tidak akan ada cubaan untuk meniru model eksport terbaru mereka. Pada masa yang sama, Rusia telah membekalkan beberapa komponen dan teknologi ke China di bawah kontrak awal.

Apabila ia datang kepada sistem FD-2000 bahawa Turki boleh memperolehi, bahan pemasaran Cina dan laporan akhbar menyatakan bahawa peluru berpandu itu, pelancar , radar, kenderaan dan sistem sokongan yang direka dan dibina di China.

Media reports said the much-delayed, 2009-announced Turkish defense tender had been dragging until recently because Ankara was reluctant to purchase missile systems off the shelf, and wanted design information included to produce home-grown batteries.

As US export laws would not allow technology transfer, American military giants Raytheon and Lockheed reportedly refused to enter such a deal.

The Chinese, on the other hand, have been more than willing to provide design information to its sales partners, and, according to Nihat Ali Ozcan, analyst at Ankara-based think-tank TEPAV, China and Turkey have already started to co-operate on short-range missile defense systems.

China itself has been drawing on Russian know-how and, partly, Western technologies when designing its own systems, Russian military experts have said.

Chinese military producers have been known for cloning defense technologies, leading to such renowned manufacturers as Russia’s Sukhoi ask for legal guarantees there will not be attempts to copy their latest export models. At the same time, Russia has been supplying some of the components and technologies to China under earlier contracts.

When it comes to the FD-2000 system that Turkey may acquire, the Chinese marketing material and press reports state that its missiles, launchers, radars, vehicles and support systems are all designed and built in China.

 

Ia dikatakan berkesan dalam menghalang serangan pesawat berprestasi tinggi, helikopter, pelbagai peluru berpandu, bom berpandu ketepatan, serta kenderaan udara tanpa pemandu (UAV), juga dikenali sebagai pesawat. Pengiklanan pergi bahawa sistem itu juga masih berkesan semasa serangan udara berat dan gangguan elektronik.

Eksport ketenteraan China telah meningkat pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, dengan Institut Penyelidikan Keamanan Stockholm (SIPRI) kedudukan sebagai yang ke-5 terbesar pembekal senjata di DUNIA dalam tempoh 5 tahun hingga 2012. Menurut SIPRI, China telah mengatasi eksport senjata di UK.

Laporan dalam akhbar negeri yang dikendalikan oleh tentera China mencadangkan penjualan sistem pertahanan peluru berpandu ke Turki akan membuka pintu kepada perintah teknologi lebih jauh tinggi dari Barat dan pasaran lain.

It is said to be effective in intercepting high performance strike aircraft, helicopters, a range of missiles, precision guided bombs, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones. The advertising goes that the system also remains effective during heavy air strikes and electronic interference.

China’s military exports have been on the rise in the recent years, with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) ranking it as the world’s fifth biggest arms supplier in the five years to 2012. According to SIPRI, China has already surpassed the UK’s arms exports.

Reports in China’s state-run military press suggested the sale of the missile defense system to Turkey would open the door to even further high technology orders from the West and other markets.





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